Money is The Root of All Evil – O believers Do not devour each other’s wealth through evil manner except through buying and selling via mutual consent. (four:29)
This verse prohibits a person from devouring other humans’s wealth thru means which can be towards justice, honesty, fairness and top conventions. It is this directive of the Qur’an which bureaucracy the idea of all prohibitions in Islam that pertain to monetary matters. Obtaining cash via robbery, usurpation, lying, co-operation with evil, embezzlement, misappropriation, eating unclaimed objects with out publicizing them, all come under it.
These evils require no in addition discussion on account that they’re universally mentioned sins in every society and each faith. Transactions and activities which become a source of deceit or harm for the events worried are also corollaries of this directive. Their numerous forms which the Prophet forbade (sws) in his very own instances are:
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Money is The Root of All Evil – Selling fish which can be as yet in water.
Selling the offspring of an animal prior to their delivery even as they’re inside the fetal level.
- Selling milk whilst it is in an animal’s udders except if its quantity is ascertained.
- Selling the spoils of struggle earlier than they’re dispensed.
- Selling something before its possession is taken.
- Selling run-away slaves.
- Selling grain offered in mounds earlier than bringing it to the region where it is sold.
- Selling and purchasing performed with the aid of a city dweller for a villager.
- Increasing one’s bid in an public sale most effective to misinform others.
- Bargaining whilst some one else is bargaining.
- Darbah al-Gha’is: Deals in which a sea-diver is instructed that anything he gathers in a dive can be sold from him for a certain amount of money.
Exploiting others in sale and purchase.
- Muhaqalah: Selling crop while it’s far still inside the spikes.
- Muzabanah: Selling the dates which might be on a date tree in alternate for plucked dates.
- Mu’awamah: Selling the fruits of timber for many years.
- Thaniya: Leaving an unspecified exception in a good buy. One of its bureaucracy, as an example became that the seller would say: “I promote my grain to you, but I will take some thing out of it”.
- Mulamasah: Deal wherein someone, with out thinking, just touches the alternative man or woman’s cloth and a deal is made on this manner.
- Munabazah: Deal in which humans throw some thing toward one another and, on this manner, a good deal is made.
- Bay’ al-‘city: Deal wherein money given in advance becomes the right of the seller if the deal does not in the long run take place.
- Bay ‘ila habl al-hablah: Deal in which people sell camels by announcing: “Whatever offspring this camel gives birth to and when that offspring gets pregnant, something it offers delivery to, then the [last] offspring is offered with the aid of me.”
- Bay’ al-Hisah: (Deal of pebbles). In pre-Islamic times, this kind of bargain existed typically in two bureaucracy: (1) people would make a deal approximately a piece of land after which the buyer could throw a pebble; the gap covered by way of the pebble might be regarded as the length of the bought land, (2) humans might throw a pebble and say that whatever thing it touched might be considered as sold.
- Selling fruits of a tree earlier than their quality and characteristics turns into glaring.
- Selling spikes before they flip white and grow to be safe from calamities.
- Selling wool while it is nevertheless on an animal’s frame.
- Selling butter oil before it’s far extracted from milk.
- Selling a commodity which is faulty, except whilst the purchaser is informed of its defects.
- Holding the milk of camels and goats of their udders earlier than promoting it.
- Intercepting tradesmen and shopping for their merchandise before they attain the markets.
- Making a deal by means of giving money earlier such that a person obtains the object after it is ready except if this transaction is carried out for a hard and fast measure, a certain weight and a particular period of time.
- Mukhabarah: Adopting the techniques of crop-sharing (Mudar’aat) wherein the income of the landlord is constant before hand.
- Adopting strategies of crop-sharing (Mudara’at) in which the production of a selected vicinity of land is seemed because the proper of the landlord.
- Selling at the same time owned houses with out giving the shareholders a threat to buy them besides if the possession divisions are determined and the paths are separated.
- Selling assets which lies on a pathway this is not unusual with a neighbor’s house without giving him the risk to buy it.
- Storing commodities of wellknown use to create a shortage and thereby growth their charges in the market. The Prophet (sws) absolutely forbade this and is suggested to have stated:
Money is The Root of All Evil – He who hoarded edibles for 40 days must know that he has no dating with the Almighty, nor does the Almighty have any relationship with him. (Musnad Ahmad Bin Hambal, Vol 2, p. 33)
On every other occasion, he remarked:
He who interfered in any way to increase the quotes inside the markets of the Muslims, the Almighty has the proper to make his domicile in a extremely good fire at the Day of Judgment. (Musnad Ahmad Bin Hambal, Vol five, p. 27)
These are the various varieties of sale and purchase and crop-sharing which the Prophet (sws) prohibited in his instances. Since all of the above cited directives are primarily based at the underlying bases of deceit and harm, the directive of prohibition will stand dissolved in situations in which those bases now not exists, simply as if because of evolution of societies those bases emerge in a few new economic hobby, then those charged with authority can limit that interest.
Bribery, playing and hobby also belong to this category of devouring wealth thru evil approach. This author will now mission to tricky the view of the Qur’an on those 3 horrendous crimes.
The Qur’an says:
Do now not consume each other’s wealth through evil approach and do not use it as a method to reach the authorities simply so you may eat different people’s wealth despite the fact that you know that it’s miles a sin. (2:188)
In the words of Imam Amin Ahsan Islahi, this verse sheds mild at the various components of bribery as follows:
Firstly, it’s miles the best manner of usurping the rights of others. Consequently, it’s far noted proper after devouring each other’s wealth thru evil way in the above quoted verse. The purpose for this is that the real application of the law in being the custodian of people’s rights is totally depending on the honesty and righteousness of the regulation enforcing government. They are those who guard the regulation in truth.
So, if they are made corrupt via some means, then this handiest way that rights of human beings can now be offered and bought. Anyone having cash can buy them. This makes bribery the only manner to make the government cheating and unfair in their dealings.
Secondly, the finest factor which promotes bribery is the society itself. When the tendency of usurping others’ rights manifests itself in people, they adopt bribery to quench their evil thirst and illegally gratify the government. The authorities, as a result, get so used to taking bribes that they do not give humans their legal rights except they are given bribes.
It is because of this motive that Islam on the very outset directed the society to refrain from this /evil, as this evil will turn their own custodians into their worst enemies. It is evident from positive Ahadith that as a precautionary degree, Islam even discourages human beings from giving gifts and provides to authorities officers and further it discourages the officers from accepting them as this could open the door to bribery.
Thirdly, the truth that bribery is a universally mentioned sin. Sense and motive, human nature and instinct, conventions and customs of a society all regard it so. All the religions of the world unanimously restrict it. Consequently, the closing a part of the verse is: “and this”. (Tadabbur-i-Qur’an, Vol 1, p. 465)
It is as a result of these elements of bribery that the Prophet (sws) critically condemned individuals who are involved in it. To quote Abu Dawud:
The Prophet has cursed the person who offers bribes and the only who accepts bribes. (Kitab al-Aqdiyyah)
Gambling
Money is The Root of All Evil – Gambling, absolutely everyone knows, is simply chancing one’s success. The Qur’an has known as it rijsun min ‘amal al-shaytan (from many of the filthy works of Satan). Obviously, that is because it gives upward thrust to ethical misconduct in someone which gradually encompasses his character.
The reason is that if an economic hobby is primarily based on rights and offerings and rational selections, it produces a excessive ethical character, and if an monetary pastime is primarily based on mere danger, fortune and fortuity, it produces an mindset that’s primarily based on avoidance of difficult paintings and carrier.
This offers rise to such mean qualities as cowardice and faint-heartedness which in the end eliminate the innate traits of honor, integrity, sincerity and self-appreciate. As a end result, someone turns into unmindful to the remembrance of the Almighty and to the prayer, and as an alternative of getting love and affection for his fellow beings, he has nothing but enmity and hatred left for them. The Qur’an says:
O ye who believe: this liquor and gambling and idols and these divining arrows are abominations devised by using Satan. Avoid them that you may succeed. Satan seeks to fire up enmity and hatred amongst you by means of liquor and playing and to preserve you from the remembrance of Allah and from the prayer. Will you no longer then abstain from them? (5:ninety-ninety one)
An essential factor to notice is that gambling in pre-Islamic times changed into a way through which the rich confirmed their generosity and helped the bad and needy. In winters, while bloodless winds blew in and caused conditions comparable to drought, the brave could gather at diverse locations, drink liquor and in their country of inebriation slaughter any camels they may get preserve of. They would pay the owner of the camels whatever fee he demanded.
They could then gamble on the beef of the slaughtered camels. Whatever elements of meat a person received on this gambling, he would generously distribute them the various negative who would acquire round them on such activities.
In the pre-Islamic Arabia, this turned into a count of tremendous honor and people who took part on this pastime could be taken into consideration very philanthropic and beneficent. The poets could narrate the debts in their benevolence in their odes. On the other hand, folks that stayed away from this hobby could be known as “Barm” (stingy).
It became this very utility of liquor and playing which caused humans to inquiry once they have been appeared as prohibited gadgets. The Qur’an asserted in its respond that during spite of possessing this gain, they have been instrumental in generating moral misconduct in an man or woman, which in no case may be allowed:
They ask you about liquor and playing. Tell them: there is exceptional sin in them and a few profits as properly for people. But their sin is greater than their earnings. (2:219)
Interest
Money is The Root of All Evil – Interest is also a similar sin that morally pollutes a person as well as the institutions concerned in its transactions. Those who lend on interest totally protect their capital by means of not risking it in any way and extort profit from the poor borrower.
In Arabic, it’s miles known as riba and the Qur’an has used this very phrase for it. Everyone who understands Arabic, is aware of that it implies a hard and fast increase which a lender needs from the borrower simply because he has given him the permission to use his cash for a sure duration. The Qur’an has vehemently prohibited it inside the following phrases:
Those who consume hobby will upward push up on the Day of Judgment like the guy whom Satan has driven to madness by means of his touch because they declare that buying and selling is like interest and the way odd it’s miles that Allah has accepted trading and forbidden hobby.
Consequently, he who acquired this caution from the Almighty and desisted [in obedience thereto], then whatever he has taken in the beyond belongs to him and his fate is within the hands of Allah. And people who repeat [the offence] may be companions of the Fire and will abide therein for all time. (2:275)
O you who believe Fear Allah and give up what remains of your call for for interest. If you do it now not, beware of warfare from Allah and His Prophet. And in case you repent, then you can have your precept amount. Neither will you be allowed to deal unjustly nor will you be handled unjustly. (2:278-279)
The motive why devourers of interest might be raised up on the Day of Judgment as madmen is their expression of amazement on the fact that the Almighty has no longer prohibited trading while He has prohibited hobby, whereas there is no distinction between the two.
They keep that if a trader can demand earnings on his capital, why cannot a lender on hobby call for income on his capital. According to the Qur’an, best a madman can deliver such an insane assertion and such madness demands that its reward be no distinctive than madness itself. So according with the law of similarity between the act and its reward, such humans might be raised up as madmen at the Day of Judgment.
Imam Amin Ahsan Islahi, while commenting in this expression of amazement of the interest devourers remarks in his exegesis “Tadabbur-i- Qur’an”:
It is evident from the objection raised with the aid of the interest devourers that the breed of folks that regard hobby and buying and selling as analogous to each other isn’t always very rare in spite of everything. It turned into located even inside the olden instances. The Qur’an has not even commented in this silly objection because its baselessness is self obvious and most effective sheds light at the insanity of those who’ve raised it. A trader invests his capital in a exchange that’s in call for from the human beings.
He makes his products available to humans through difficult work and with the aid of taking a variety of danger. These humans, in the first place, had been no longer in a function to supply this merchandise themselves, and if in any respect they had been capable of do this then they would have given a given a heavy value for it.
Moreover, a dealer spews his capital inside the open market for opposition and his profit is determined by the low and high developments of the marketplace itself. He may additionally turn out to be dropping all his cash because of these trends and he may be capable of make a few profit. So his hands are tied in this agency as he cannot earn a unmarried penny of earnings in selling his products until all over again his invested capital enters the marketplace after being exposed to the risks and fluctuations of the marketplace forces and after once more providing carrier to the society.
So how can the organization of a dealer who takes hazard and offers carrier to the society while he invests his capital be in comparison to that of an hobby devourer whose company is imply, callous, cowardly and antagonistic to humanity in its nature. He is someone who is not willing to take the slightest hazard along with his capital but could be very keen to extort income. (Vol 1, p. 632-3)
It is because of this fiendish nature of interest that the Prophet (sws) is pronounced to have stated:
So awesome a sin is hobby that if it’s far divided into seventy components, then lightest of those parts is same in its extent to fornication with one’s mother. (Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Tijarat)
Although the Qur’an has prohibited most effective the taking of hobby, yet an crucial corollary of that is that with none real plea a person who gives interest or writes down its transaction or bears witness to or not it’s seemed as equal criminals on the precept of Ta’awun ‘ala al-ithm (co-operation with evil). Consequently, it is narrated by using Jabir (rta):
The Prophet has critically condemned the devourer of interest and the one who pays interest and people who write an settlement [for such lending] and the two who’re the witnesses to this file and has stated: All of them are equal. (Muslim, Kitab al-Buyu’)
The Prophet (sws) has emphatically directed humans to chorus from the slightest possible hint of hobby even as borrowing in barter as well:
If you lend gold, then take returned the identical type and the identical amount of gold; and if you lend silver, then take returned the equal kind and the identical amount of silver; for he who gave extra or desired greater, then this is exactly what is hobby. (Muslim, Kitab al-Buyu’)
If you lend gold in exchange for silver, then there is a opportunity of interest in this.34 Similarly, for wheat in change for every other sort of wheat35, barley in trade for any other kind of barley, date for any other type of date. Indeed if the change is achieved immediately, then there may be no harm. (Muslim, Kitab al-Buyu’)
This is the best which means of the above quoted Ahadith. If all of the Ahadith on this subject matter had remained intact, the students of our Ummah might no longer have faltered in interpreting them. However, because of the misinterpretation of the narrators in a few chains of narration, the phrases “immediately” or the ones of similar that means of the second one Hadith were integrated in the first one; in addition, the words “gold in change for gold” of the primary Hadith have been put in region of the phrases “silver in alternate for gold” of the second one.
It is because of this intermingling of words that our jurists have erroneously derived the idea of Riba al-Fadl from such Ahadith. Whereas the suitable idea on this regard is what the subsequent words of the Prophet (sws) say: “Riba is most effective in transactions of mortgage.” (Muslim, Kitab al-Buyu’)
It ought to be borne in mind that interest pertains most effective to those transactions in which a commodity is borrowed for the motive of ‘the use of it up’ whereby the borrower could be harassed to recreate it for you to go back it to the lender.
If any additional amount is demanded over and above it, then this no question is injustice as affirmed both by way of reason and revelation. On the contrary, transactions in which the commodities and items in question are ‘used’ rather than being ‘used up’ relate to rent, and the money demanded through the proprietor on imparting this service, that’s termed as hire, can in no manner be objected to.
Similarly, it ought to additionally stay clear that whether or not a mortgage is received for personal or enterprise or welfare functions, the actual that means of Riba isn’t always ascertained on these bases. It is an indeniable fact that inside the Arabic language the phrase Riba, regardless of the goal of the lender and the situation of the borrower, just implies a predetermined boom obtained on a loan.
Consequently, the Qur’an itself has clarified this fact: at some point of its personal duration of revelation lending on hobby for enterprise purposes was pretty rampant and these loans were given that they may increase manifold by prospering inside the wealth of others:
That which you supply as mortgage on hobby that it can increase on [other] humans’s wealth has no increase with Allah; however that that you supply as Zakat, in search of Allah’s countenance, it’s far those those who shall get manifold [in the Hereafter] of what they gave. (30:39)
The expression “…That it could boom on [other] humans’s wealth” isn’t always best inappropriate for software to hobby primarily based loans given to the poor for his or her private use, however is likewise absolutely indicative of the truth that interest based loans were generally given for enterprise functions and on this way they “multiplied on different human beings’s wealth” consistent with the Qur’an.
It is to this fact that the following verse additionally points:
If the borrower is in trouble furnish him respite until it is easy for him to repay and if you write off [the debt], it’s miles higher for you, if you only knew. (2:280)
Imam Amin Ahsan Islahi remarks in this verse in the following words:
Today a few naive people declare that the form of hobby which prevailed in Arabia earlier than the arrival of Islam turned into usury. The poor and the destitute had no option however to borrow money from a few wealthy cash-creditors to satisfy their non-public needs.
These money-lenders exploited the poor and used to lend them cash at high hobby quotes. It is best this sort of hobby which the Qur’an has termed as Riba and forbidden. As a ways as industrial interest is involved, it neither existed at that point nor did the Qur’an limit it.
The verse categorically refutes this ‘allegation’. When the Qur’an says that if the borrower is in trouble, he should take delivery of respite until he is capable of pay back his debt, it really factors out that in the ones times even the rich used to acquire loans. In fact, if the fashion and strain of the verse are efficaciously understood, it turns into clear that it was in the main the wealthy who used you acquire loans.
Indeed, there was a robust risk that the borrower might discover himself in problem even to pay the unique amount. The cash-lender, therefore, is directed to give him extra time and if he forgoes the authentic quantity it would be higher for him. The words of this verse strongly suggest this that means.
The actual Arabic words of the verse are: wa in kana dhu ‘usratin fa naziratun ila maysarah. The particle of situation in (if) isn’t used for general situations, but, in fact, is used for rare and unusual instances. For popular situations the particle idha is used. In the mild of this, it is clean that the borrower in those instances were normally affluent (dhu maysarah) but in some cases they were negative or had end up terrible after acquiring the loan and if so, the Qur’an has directed the money-creditors to give them a time rebate. (Tadabbur-i- Qur’an, Vol 1, p. 638-639)
Money is The Root of All Evil – He has concluded this discussion with the aid of announcing:
Obviously, the prosperous would have turned to the cash-creditors no longer to meet their personal wishes, however, of route, their commercial enterprise wishes. So what is the distinction between those loans and the commercial loans of nowadays? (Tadabbur-i- Qur’an, Vol I, p. 639)
Since the prohibition of interest completely gets rid of any incentive of profit in lending cash, as an obvious final results, no group which affords capital to traders on loan may be mounted. The Qur’an by way of prohibiting hobby consequently, does not merely limit a type of fiscal transaction, it definitely razes down this pillar of capitalism — the institution of Banking. Of direction, it can only be left intact if the spirit of the regulation which prohibits interest is violated with out surely violating the law.
Now as some distance as the question of organizing national financial savings is involved, it could be resolved in the following way in the opinion of this author:
Firstly, on the precept of “.. Lest wealth have to only circulate inside the rich among you (fifty nine:7)”, national financial savings have to now not be allowed to be organized inside the private zone. All banks ought to be transformed into various branches of the Bayt al-Mal wherein human beings can deposit their savings. These branches should provide protection, exchange, quick term loans and other comparable facilities.
In go back for this carrier, the government ought to be allowed to invest the deposited price range to establish a wide-based totally public sector consistent with the necessities of the usa, upon the precondition that with out being given any profit on the unique amount, a depositor would be returned his cash on demand.
Secondly, the industrial firms and gadgets so created inside the public area ought to be run by way of the authorities, and, anyplace it’s miles required, the personal quarter ought to additionally be known as upon to participate of their strolling and control by using buying a sure quantity of the stocks of these establishments.
Alternatively, via enforcing Khiraj (tribute) on a number of these commercial ventures, the government may also entrust their entire management to a party of the non-public quarter simply because the Caliph ‘Umar (raa) had done with the conquered lands of Syria and Iraq, which he had saved in kingdom possession and had entrusted their control to their original proprietors, imposing a fixed tribute on them in step with their produce.
Thirdly, the inventory marketplace have to be cleansed from gambling and from transactions which might also grow to be a source of deceit or harm for both birthday party and be organized in such a transparent manner that people can become shareholders without any hesitation in the various initiatives of the private and public zone.
It is the firm notion of this author that if these 3 measures are adopted, then the sector can locate itself blessed with an financial system that is the golden mean between the extremes of present day day monetary ideologies – an economic system emancipated from the curse of capitalism and from the coercion of communism.
