THE CONTRIBUTION OF IMAM ALBĀNĪ TO HADĪTH CRITICISM CONTENTS: An explanation of Riyadh al Saliheen | Quranmualim.com
The full Name of Albānī, His Writing, His Contributions to the science of Hadīth and His Death
INTRODUCTION:Shaykh Muhammad Nāsiruddīn al-Albānī was an extraordinary researchers of Islam and especially the writer of Riyadh us Saliheen who contributed in no little measure to the study of Hadīth right now. His life, works and devotion to Islamic goals are models to introduce day understudies and instructors of Islamic examinations. We hereby acquaint you with his brief life history and contribution to the study and criticism of Hadīth.
OBJECTIVES:
In the end of this article we will be able to: Outline the full name, birth and educational career of Shaykh Albānī Enumerate the writings of Shaykh Albānī with an appraisal of some of them evaluate the contribution of Shaykh Albani to Hadīth literature
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An Explanation of Riyadh al-Saliheen (English )
RiazUsSaliheen-Vol1-Urdu ByShaykhShamsuddin
RiazUsSaliheen-Vol2-Urdu ByShaykhShamsuddin
MAIN CONTENT
Full Name, Birth and Educational career of Albānī, He is A`sh-Shaykh al-Muhadīth Muhammad Nāsiru `d-Dīn bn Nuh Najātī bn Adam., His Kunyah (nickname) is Abu Abdu `r-Rahmān taken after his eldest son. He was also called..Al-Arnūtī, a name given to those who were immigrants of Syria, and Askodari a place of his birth and al-Dimashqī, his place of residence, and al-Albani his Country of Origin Albania in Europe.
His Birth and Growth:
He was born in the year 1332 A.H. (1914) in the town of Ashkhodera, which was the capital city of Albānia at the time. He lived in the town for about 9 years in a poor family.Albāni’s dad was one of the researchers of his town and a Hanafite law specialist having moved on from the establishment of Sharī’ah in Istanbul, Turkey. He returned home to be the muftī of Albānia, taught his people the tenets of their faith and call to the religion of Islam. Shaykh Albānī was a brilliant student to the extent that one would be amazed of his brilliance and retentive memory. As a growing young boy he learnt carpentry and later the art of horology (watch repairing) this was what the Shaykh did for living and he retained his shop until his death.
His Educational Career.
Shaykh Albānī attended a Madrasah (elementary school) called Jam-‘iyatu Is‘āf al-khariyyah at the age of nine. It was there he had his early education in Arabic and Islamic studies. As Shaykh Albānī himself narrated his teacher made him interested and impressed him so much to critically study all the Hadīths in Ihyā ‘Ulūm `d-Dīn. Shaykh Albānī also used to attend discussions on Hadīth with some scholars like the great historian and Muhadīth of Halab, Shayikh Muhammad Rāghib a`t-Tabakī, when Shaykh saw the dexterity of this young Albānī he gave him an Ijāzā (certificate or licence) to narrate knowledge from him. Shaykh Albānī spent most part of his time in the study of the books of Hadīth most especially the manuscripts of the Zāhiriyyah library. He made the visitation of the library a daily routine such that he usually spent between six and eight hours depending on the variations in weather between summer and winter.
His Writings (Riyadh al Saliheen )
From the compilations of Samīr bn Amin and Ibrahim bn Muhammad al-Aliyy, Shaykh Albānī was said to have authored two hundred and twenty one titles with some of the books being up to 40 volumes and a good number of them being usually more than three volumes. Some of his writing which rely fully on authentic Aħādīth of the Prophet (Ş) on subjects of jurisprudence rank among the best materials ever gathered on those subjects and is far away from blind followship of madhhab. Some of these books are:-
- Adabu `z-Zifāf
- Ahkāmu `l-Janā’iz
- Hajjatun n-Nabiyy
- Şifatu Şalatu n-Nabiyy
- Qiyāmu Ramađān wa `t-Tarāwīh
- Tamamu `n-Nuşħ fī Aħkam al-Masħ
- His Contributions to the science of Hadīth
- Tamāmu `l-Minaħ fi ta‘līq ‘alā fiqh `s-Sunnah.
- A`th-Thamar al-Mustahab fi Fiqh `s-Sunnah wa `l-Kitāb
Shaykh Albānī authoured many books and edited several others. His works are particularly in terms of sound verfification of traditions including the use of supporting evidences and a usual follow up with comments of scholars of the past and contemporaries to further establish his judgments. The Shaykh authoured a work on Hadīth which he entitles: Silsilatu `ş-Şaħīħah wa`đ-Ða ‘īfah. This work was compiled in line with the methodology of the salaf to purify the religion from innovatory acts of belief, worship and daily transactions. This would enable teachers, preachers and students to know and avoid such narrations so that they do not attribute to the Prophet (Ş) what he did not say or what cannot be established as his statements. To increase the benefit of the recognition of unestablished traditions, Shaykh Albānī compiled chains of sound Ahādīth and entitled it: Silsilatu `ş-Şaħīħah. The pattern adopted by the Shaykh in the books is to mention the Hadīth, follow up immediately with its rulling (i.e. whether authentic or not), mention the books of compilation of Ahādīth in which it can be found, together with a detailed discussion of its various chains of transmission and the comments of the past scholars and the present ones on the Hadīth. Silsilatu Ða‘īfah is in 14 large volums with a total of about 7,000 s and Silsilatu `ş-Şaħīħah is in 7 large volumes with a total number of about 3,000 hadīths. Another important contribution of the Shaykh Albānī to the science of Hadīth is his Irwā alghalīl fi takhrīj ahādīth Manār `s-Sabīl It is an outstanding work on the verification of Hadīths in Hanbalī book of fiqh called Manāru `s-Sabīl with relevant notes on the jurisprudential deductions in the book. ,Besides, his work Şifatu Şalat al-Nabiyy was accumulated in the wake of perusing and educating in the ,book of petition” in A’t-Targhīb wa ‘t-Tarhīb of Al-Hāfiż al-Mundhirī to understudies in the year 1286 A.H. (the importance of prayer and the reward awaiting those who perform it properly) informed the compilation of the book.
In addition to writing, the Shaykh had a very good interpersonal relationship with scholars and students of knowledge. He met many of the people of learning and both parties benefited from each other. Prominent among the scholars he met were Shaykh. Hāmid, leader of Anşāru `s-Sunnah in Egypt, Shaykh Abdu `l-Razāk Hamā, and ‘Allāmah Mujāhid al-Jawal Taqiyyu `d-Dīn. He also held several meetings with Dr. Yusuf Al-Qardāwī and discussed important issues of knowledge with him sometimes, Dr. Yususf al Qardawi met him to verify the authenticity of Hadīths and relying so much on such verifications. Sometimes in some programme he would say: “I have solicited concerning the credibility from this Hadīth from al-Shaykh Muhammad Nāşiru `d-Dīn al-Albānī”. The leader of the Muslim Brotherhood Shaykh Hasan al-Banna also wrote to Al-Albānī commending his efforts on his commentary and critique on some of the Sharī‘ah rulings published in the magazine of Ikhwānu `l-Muslimīn under the column Fiqhu `s-Sunnah written by Shaykh Sayyid Sābiq. Evaluate the contribution of Shaykh Albani to Hadīth literature and his famous book (Riyadh al Saliheen ).
The Messenger said that Obey the parents.
His Death
After a life with the search for knowledge and the teaching of it, the reawakening of the Sunnah and the defence of it, an exemplary life of complete servitude to Allah, the Shaykh died on Saturday, 23rd Jumāda `l-Ākhirah 1420 A.H. (2nd October 1999) after ‘ Asr prayer before sunset in Amman, Jordan at the age of 88 years. Over five thousand people attended the Janāzah prayer. May Allah be pleased with him.
CONCLUSION
Shaykh Muhammad Nāsiruddīn al-Albānī was one of the prominent scholars of Hadīth in this age. He loved the science of Hadīth and searched for its knowledge from the eminent ulamā he visited. He was the founder of the Hadīth faculty in the University of Madinah and he taught the subject there for almost three years. In addition to teaching, he delivered several lectures on the science of Hadīth in various parts of the Muslim world and Europe. His writings on Hadīth are cherished and studied by both students and scholars of knowledge. He died on 2nd October 1999 at the age of 88 years.
SUMMARY
Shaykh Albānī was a prolific writer and erudite scholar. He studied Islamic sciences and specialzed in Hadīth criticism. He wrote several works on Hadīths. Prominent among his writings on Hadīth is the anthology of authentic traditions and weak traditions he compiled. He entitled the work Silsilatu Ahādīth `ş-Şaħīħah wa`đ-Ða ‘īfah. He was also a Jurist who contributed to the Hanbalī School of Islamic law. He died at the age of 88 years.
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